Which type of policy may cover Ryan's claim filed on January 25, 2011?

The correct choice is the claims-made policy that was in effect from January 31, 2009, to January 31, 2011. A claims-made policy is designed to provide coverage for claims made during the time the policy is active, specifically for incidents that occurred after the policy's retroactive date.

In this case, Ryan's claim was filed on January 25, 2011, which falls within the coverage period of the claims-made policy. Since the policy was effective until January 31, 2011, it would cover any claims made during this time, assuming the incident occurred after the retroactive date.

This understanding of how claims-made policies operate is pivotal, as they differ from occurrence-based policies, which cover incidents that happen during the policy term regardless of when the claim is filed. Other options provided do not align with this structure, particularly regarding the timing of coverage and the nature of the claims.